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        石蒜绵粉蚧在多肉植物上的发生情况及植物源防控药剂筛选

        Investigating the occurrence and screening botanical insecticides for control of Phenacoccus solani on succulent plants

          摘要
        • 摘要:
          目的 石蒜绵粉蚧是多肉植物上的一种重要害虫，为有效控制其危害，开展该虫发生情况调查及植物源防控药剂筛选。
          方法 以福建省漳州市的多肉植物种植基地为观测点，调查石蒜绵粉蚧在不同月份的种群动态和在不同寄主上的相对丰度，测定1%苦皮藤素水剂、2.5%鱼藤酮乳油、0.5%苦参碱水剂、0.3%印楝素乳油和1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂对石蒜绵粉蚧的室内致死效果，筛选确定理想的植物源防控药剂及其适宜的田间使用浓度。
          结果 石蒜绵粉蚧在多肉植物上的种群数量于5月开始急剧上升，7月至9月达到高峰，10月和11月仍较高，其他时间处于较低水平；其在红心莲、翡翠景天和仙人掌上的相对丰度达18.53%~40.05%，均显著高于在虎尾兰和芦荟上；5种植物源防控药剂在推荐用量时，其中0.5%苦参碱水剂和0.3%印楝素乳油对石蒜绵粉蚧的室内致死效果最高，药后3 d分别达94.44%和90.00%；0.5%苦参碱水剂600~800倍液和0.3%印楝素乳油400~500倍液对石蒜绵粉蚧的田间防治效果较好，药后7 d均达75%以上，且性价比好。
          结论 石蒜绵粉蚧在多肉植物上周年发生，盛发期为5−11月，高峰期为7−9月，优势寄主植物为红心莲、翡翠景天和仙人掌；0.5%苦参碱水剂和0.3%印楝素乳油是防控石蒜绵粉蚧理想的植物源药剂，适宜的田间使用浓度分别为600~800倍液和400~500倍液。

           

          Abstract:
          Objective Phenacoccus solani is a kind of important pests on succulent plants. It is necessary to investigate the occurrence and screen botanical insecticides for the control of this mealybug.
          Method In this study, the population dynamics of P. solani in different months and relative abundance on different hosts were investigated in the succulent plant garden of Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province. And the laboratory lethal effects of 1% Celangulin AS, 2.5% rotenone EC, 0.5% matrine AS, 0.3% azadirachtin EC and 1.5% pyrethrins EW to P. solani were assessed, then the ideal botanical insecticides and their suitable field application concentrations were determined.
          Result The population of P. solani on succulent plants increased dramatically in May, peaked from July to September, and remained at high levels throughout October and November, while staying at low levels during the rest of the year. The relative abundance of this mealybug on Echeveria ‘Perle von Nürnberg’, Sedum morganianum and Opuntia dillenii was 18.53%-40.05%, significantly higher than that on Sansevieria trifasciata and Aloe vera. Among the five botanical pesticides applied at recommended doses, the laboratory lethal efficacy of 0.5% matrine AS and 0.3% azadirachtin EC against P. solani was high, reaching 94.44% and 90.00% three days after application, respectively. The field control efficacy of 600-800 times diluted solution of 0.5% matrine AS and 400-500 times diluted solution 0.3% azadirachtin EC against P. solani was excellent, exceeding 75% seven days after application and exhibiting good cost-effectiveness.
          Conclusion P. solani occured on succulent plants throughout the year, with the high occurrence stages from April to November and the peak periods from July to September. The dominant host plants of this mealybug are E. ‘Perle von Nürnberg’, S. morganianum and O. dillenii. 0.5% Matrine AS and 0.3% azadirachtin EC were the ideal botanical insecticides against P. solani, the suitable field application concentrations of these two insecticides were 600-800 times and 400-500 times diluted solution, respectively.

           

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